Human capital
The French are hard workers
10th highest hourly productivity
per employee, among OECD countries, in 2020
OECD, 2022
An efficient production system
In 2018, France retained its position as
the 4th most dynamic economy
among OECD countries for the increase in its production system efficiency
OECD, 2020
Expenditure on education in France equated to
5.2% of GDP in 2019
with 1.5% of GDP invested
in tertiary education
OECD, Education at a Glance, 2022
4 masters in management (MiM) among the best global Top 10
23 French business schools among the Top 100 of the Financial Times (FT) rankings
HEC (2d), ESCP (5th), ESSEC (6th), EM Lyon (9th)
Financial Times, 2022
The population of 25- to 34-year-olds is particularly highly qualified in France
49.4% of people in this age category held a tertiary education qualification in 2019
OECD, Education at a Glance, 2021
R&D personnel in France
10.6 researchers for every
1,000 employees
in 2019
Germany 10.3
United Kingdom 9.3
United States 9.5
OECD, 2021
1.7 million +
engineers and scientists with degrees from French institutions,
755,000 of whom are currently in employment
French Engineering School Federation (CDEFI), 2019
CNRS
In 2022, the National Center for Scientific Research was ranked the world’s #1 research organization in Clarivate Analytics’ Top 100 Global Innovators report
Clarivate Analytics, 2022
France is the 10th country in the world
in terms of the publication of scientific and engineering articles, and third in Europe
World Bank, 2020
France was ranked
#2 in Europe
for the number of patent applications filed in 2021
WIPO, 2022